Which of the following is a clear example of an outgroup?

An outgroup refers to a social group with which an individual does not identify, often leading to a sense of separation or distinction from one's own group. In this instance, an American in Japan clearly exemplifies an outgroup because they are in a country that is culturally different from their own, experiencing a different set of norms, values, and social practices. This situation highlights the concept of being outside one's familiar group, thus emphasizing their status as an outgroup member.

In contrast, the other options present individuals who are within their home countries, making it difficult to classify them as outgroup members. A Canadian in Canada, a French person in France, and an English person in England are all examples of individuals who belong to the cultural and social context of their respective countries. Therefore, they do not experience the same sense of separation or distinction that an American would feel in Japan. This differentiation elucidates why the American in Japan is the most fitting example of an outgroup.