Khadija notices that cultures in deserts often wear loose clothing. What concept does this illustrate?

The concept illustrated by Khadija's observation about cultures in deserts wearing loose clothing is cultural adaptation. This refers to how human beings modify their behaviors and practices in response to their environment. In desert climates, hot temperatures can lead to a need for clothing that allows for better airflow and helps to keep the body cool while protecting from the sun. Loose clothing serves this purpose well, showcasing how people adapt their cultural practices to survive and thrive in a specific climate.

Cultural adaptation emphasizes the dynamic relationship between human beings and their environment, highlighting how cultural practices evolve to meet the challenges presented by local conditions. In this case, the choice of clothing reflects a practical response to the harshness of desert climates, illustrating how culture is shaped by the environmental context.

The other options don't fully capture this relationship: spatial association connects geographical features to cultural traits but doesn't focus on the adaptive behaviors; climate effect broadly describes the influence of climate on various aspects but lacks the cultural focus; and cultural diffusion refers to the spread of cultural elements between societies rather than internal adaptations based on environmental needs.